A convolution neural network is a type of neural network that is used to process data that has a spatial relationship, such as images. They typically work by applying a series of convolutional layers to the input dataset.

Each convolutional layer consists of a set of filters that are applied to the input data for the generation of features. The features are then passed on to a set of fully connected layers to make predictions.

We will discuss a simple example a CNN used to make predictions of temperature on a climate change dataset.

class TemperaturePredictor(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(TemperaturePredictor, self).__init__()
        self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 16, kernel_size=3)
        self.pool1 = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2)
        self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(16, 32, kernel_size=3)
        self.pool2 = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2)
        self.fc1 = nn.Linear(32 * 7 * 7, 10)

    def forward(self, x):
        x = self.conv1(x)
        x = self.pool1(x)
        x = self.conv2(x)
        x = self.pool2(x)
        x = x.view(-1, 32 * 7 * 7)
        x = self.fc1(x)
        return x

The first is a temperature predictor class that is based on two convolution layers and two pooling layers. The next step is to define the forward method. This method defines the forward pass of the model. The forward pass of the model is used to apply each of the layers on the input dataset of images and give a prediction in terms of temperature.

In order to use the model we have created above, we need to create a model instance. Check out the code below for creating a model instance and training it on the dataset.

model = TemperaturePredictor()
criterion = nn.MSELoss()
optimizer = optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=0.001)

# Load the climate change dataset
dataset = torch.load('climate_change_dataset.pt')

# Train the model
for epoch in range(10):
    for i, data in enumerate(dataset):
        inputs, labels = data
        outputs = model(inputs)
        loss = criterion(outputs, labels)
        optimizer.zero_grad()
        loss.backward()
        optimizer.step()

# Save the trained model
torch.save(model, 'temperature_predictor.pt')

We will also define a loss function and an optimizer. A loss function is used to calculate the error between prediction and the ground truth label. The optimizer is used to update the model's parameters in order to minimize the loss.

Here is a more detailed explanation of each step:

• Loading the climate change dataset: The climate change dataset is a set of images that have been labeled with the temperature of the region in the image. The images in the dataset are synthetic, which means that they were created using computer algorithms.

• Training the model: The model is trained using the climate change dataset. The model is trained for 10 epochs, which means that it is passed through the dataset 10 times. After each epoch, the loss is monitored. The loss is a measure of how well the model is performing. If the loss is high, then the model is not performing well. If the loss is low, then the model is performing well.

• Updating the model's parameters: After each epoch, the optimizer is used to update the model's parameters. The optimizer is a tool that helps the model learn from its mistakes. The optimizer updates the model's parameters in a way that minimizes the loss.

The trained model can then be used to make predictions on new data.

In my next blog post, we will use an LSTM neural network and use it on a climate change dataset.